Modifying the physicochemical properties,solubility and foaming capacity of milk proteins by ultrasound-assisted alkaline pH-shifting treatment

This study investigated the effects of different treatment of alkaline pH-shifting on milk protein concentrate (MPC), micellar casein concentrate (MCC) and whey protein isolate (WPI) assisted by the same ultrasound conditions, including changes in the physicochemical properties, solubility and foaming capacity. The solubility of milk proteins had a significant increase with gradual enhancement of ultrasound-assisted alkaline pH-shifting (p < 0.05), especially for MCC up to 99.50 %. Also, treatment made a significant decline in the particle size of MPC and MCC, as well as the turbidity of the proteins (p < 0.05). The foaming capacity of MPC, MCC, and WPI was all improved, especially at pH 11, and at this pH, the milk protein also showed the highest surface hydrophobicity. The best foaming capacity at pH 11 was the result of the combined effect of particle size, potential, protein conformation, solubility, and surface hydrophobicity. In conclusion, ultrasound-assisted pH-shifting treatment was found to be effective in improving the physicochemical properties and solubility and foaming capacity of milk proteins, especially MCC, with promising application prospect in food industry.     

利用新颖高效气体发生装置以氯气氧化法制备高锰酸钾实验设计及效果*

基于一种新颖高效气体发生装置,设计了以氯气为氧化剂,理论产率接近100%的将锰酸钾高效转化为高锰酸钾的实验方案。实验结果表明:使用本设计制备高纯度高锰酸钾,既可保证高锰酸钾的理论转化率,减少歧化反应副产物对纯度的影响,同时得到的副产品次氯酸钠及氯水可用做无机教学实验的基础试剂,符合“循环经济”指导思想。     

Tandem Use of Optical Sensing and Machine Learning for the Determination of Absolute Configuration,Enantiomeric and Diastereomeric Ratios,and Concentration of Chiral Samples

We have developed an optical method for accurate concentration, er, and dr analysis of amino alcohols based on a simple mix‐and‐measure workflow that is fully adaptable to multiwell plate technology and microscale analysis. The conversion of the four aminoindanol stereoisomers with salicylaldehyde to the corresponding Schiff base allows analysis of the dr based on a change in the UV maximum at 420 nm that is very different for the homo‐ and heterochiral diastereomers and of the concentration of the sample using a hypsochromic shift of another absorption band around 340 nm that is independent of the analyte stereochemistry. Subsequent in situ formation of Cu^II assemblies in the absence and presence of base enables quantification of the er values for each diastereomeric pair by CD analysis. Applying a linear programming method and a parameter sweep algorithm, we determined the concentration and relative amounts of each of the four stereoisomers in 20 samples of vastly different stereoisomeric compositions with an averaged absolute percent error of 1.7 %.     

基于SWT方法的钢绞线索微动疲劳特性分析

为得到钢绞线索丝间接触区的应力场分布并预测微动疲劳裂纹萌生位置和微动疲劳寿命，本文利用参数化方法建立了精细化的钢绞线拉索有限元模型，包括整索模型和不同层丝间接触区域的局部精细化子模型．分析了钢绞线索在两种交变荷载工况下的应力场变化情况，并基于多轴疲劳SWT(Smith-Watson-Topper)临界平面法进行了疲劳特性分析和疲劳寿命预测．主要结论如下：钢绞线索内接触区边缘处的微动幅值较大，中心处几乎没有相对滑动，微动疲劳的初始裂纹萌生点位于接触区域边缘；经不同区域子模型分析比较，在轴向循环荷载作用下，外层钢丝的接触区域比内层钢丝更易发生微动疲劳损伤；在横向位移循环荷载作用下，同层钢丝因位置角度不同而产生了较大的疲劳特性差异，且相比轴向循环拉伸，该工况下最不利单丝的微动疲劳寿命更低；与非接触区域相比，接触区的疲劳寿命大幅降低，微动现象对钢绞线索的抗疲劳性能有明显降低作用．     

低喷淋密度超亲水表面水平管降液膜温度分布

水平管降液膜蒸发广泛应用在石油、化工、海水淡化等领域,对低喷淋密度温度演化规律的研究有助于拓宽其应用范围,理解其微观机理。本文在超亲水表面上结合红外热追踪技术,对水平管降液膜表面的温度演化规律进行了研究,分析了温度分区现象和温升规律。实验中首次发现了马鞍形液膜内部的高温环状结构,并结合三维数值模拟揭示了掺混作用导致的局部高温环状结构形成的内部机理。     

三色圆偏振激光组合脉冲驱动氦原子产生椭圆偏振的阿秒脉冲

我们提出利用频率为ω,3ω和强度较弱的2ω组成的三色圆偏振激光组合脉冲驱动氦原子能够得到椭偏率较大的阿秒脉冲链的一种方法.通过强场近似方法,计算了氦原子在两色和三色圆偏振激光组合脉冲驱动下发射高次谐波谱及其合成阿秒脉冲链,比较了氦原子(初态为s态)在这两种情况下发射高次谐波谱的特点及其合成阿秒脉冲链椭偏率的大小,结果发现,在反旋的两色ω,3ω激光脉冲基础上加入了频率为2ω的第三色激光脉冲联合作用到氦原子上,所得到的阿秒脉冲链的椭偏率相对于双圆场情况下有所增加,通过调整ω,3ω激光的强度比,并且选择适当的第三色激光的强度,对初态为s态的原子,仍能够得到具有较大椭偏率的阿秒脉冲链.     

Unusual Bonding and Properties in Main Group Element Chemistry: Rational Synthesis,Characterization, and Experimental Electron Density Determination of Mixed‐Valent Tetraphosphetes

Five dispirocyclic λ³,λ⁵‐tetraphosphetes [{R₂Si(NR¹)(NR²)P₂}₂] (R¹ = R² and R¹ ≠ R²) are easily prepared in almost quantitative yields via photolysis of the respective bis(trimethylsilyl)phosphanyldiazaphosphasiletidines with intense visible light. These deep‐yellow low‐coordinate phosphorus compounds can be considered as the first higher congeners of the well‐known cyclodiphosphazenes. The tetraphosphetes are remarkably stable in air and show unexpected molecular properties related to the unique bonding situation of the central four‐π‐electron four‐membered phosphorus ring. The extent of rhombic distortion of the central P₄ ring is remarkable due to an unusually acute angle at the σ²‐phosphorus atoms. All of the P?P bonds are approximately equal in length. The distances are in the middle of the range given by phosphorus single and double bonds. The anisotropic absorption of visible light that can easily be observed in the case of the yellow/colorless dichroic crystals of [{Me₂Si(NtBu)(NtBu)P₂}₂] and the exceptional ³¹P NMR chemical shift of the σ²‐phosphorus atoms are the most remarkable features of the λ³,λ⁵‐tetraphosphetes. In the case of [{Me₂Si(NtBu)(NtBu)P₂}₂], the Hansen–Coppens multipole model is applied to extract the electron density from high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction data obtained at 100 K. Static deformation density and topological analysis reveal a unique bonding situation in the central unsaturated P₄ fragment characterized by polar σ‐bonding, pronounced out‐of‐ring non‐bonding lone pair density on the σ²‐phosphorus atoms, and an additional non‐classical three‐center back‐bonding contribution.     

地磁对γγ方向角关联测量的影响

在γ-γ角关联实验中,发现能谱中全能峰的位置随探头方位角的改变而变化。本文通过不同的实验,验证了地磁对能谱测量的干扰以及对γ-γ方向角关联测量的影响。发现地磁对测量的影响主要来自光电倍增管,地磁方向与光电倍增管中电子飞行方向的夹角的改变,引起光电倍增管增益变化,最终给γ-γ方向角关联测量带来较大的影响。文中总结了如何减小地磁影响,改进γ-γ方向角关联实验测量的方法。